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KPBS Examines San Diego County Board Of Supervisors' Opposition To Needle Exchange Program
KPBS examines the reasons why the San Diego Board of Supervisors will not support the city"s needle exchange program, which twice weekly provides clean needles to injection drug users as part of an effort to curb the spread of HIV, Hepatitis C and other blood-borne diseases. Dianne Jacob, chair of the board, said, "I think it particularly sends a wrong message to our kids. It sends a message to our kids that as county government, if we gave out clean needles for illegal drug use, that we condone illegal drug use. And we don"t. And it"s wrong." She said government support should go toward drug use prevention and treatment. Steffanie Strathdee, head of the division of global public health at the University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, has examined several needle exchange programs across the world, and said, "It hasn"t been associated with more people starting drug use at earlier ages, etc., ņ€¦ In fact, it"s consistently been associated with reductions in high-risk behavior. And so there"s really no reason not to support it on a broader scale" (Goldberg, 7/8). This series of articles was supported by a Kaiser Family Foundation mini reporting fellowship.

Genomic Health's Oncotype DX(R) Colon Cancer Test Predicts Individualized Recurrence Risk For Stage II Colon Cancer Patients
Genomic Health, Inc. (Nasdaq: GHDX) announced positive results from the landmark QUASAR validation study, which demonstrated that the Oncotype DX(R) colon cancer test can independently predict individual recurrence risk in stage II colon cancer patients following surgery. Importantly, the Oncotype DX colon cancer Recurrence Score(R) provided additional independent clinical value beyond standard measures. The study showed that the colon cancer Recurrence Score maintained significance (p=0.008), independent of mismatch repair (MMR), also known as MSI (Microsatellite Instability), T-stage, nodes examined, grade and lymphovascular invasion.
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Deworming Drug Could Help Reduce Spread Of HIV In Africa, Study Finds
Providing girls in rural Africa with a deworming drug could help reduce the spread of HIV, according to a study recently published in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, the New York Times reports. The drug, called praziquantel, costs about 32 cents per pediatric dose and prevents schistosomiasis, a worm disease that starts as a urinary tract infection. If untreated, schistosomiasis can lead to female genital sores that can facilitate HIV infection. Because the drug can kill the worms but cannot cure genital sores, girls should be protected before they reach sexual maturity, according to the Times. "For this relatively small investment, the reproductive health of young women would be improved," the authors from the Sabin Vaccine Institute, Imperial College London and Oslo University wrote, adding that "there is a reasonable chance that HIV/AIDS transmission can be reduced." There are about 207 million schistosomiasis cases worldwide, 90% of which occur in Africa, where humans are exposed usually through snail-infested water. According to a pilot program conducted in Burkina Faso, all 70 million cases among young children in Africa could be treated for $22 million, and repeating universal treatment every two years for 10 years would cost $112 million (McNeil, New York Times, 5/26).
Medical Devices

Increasing Age Of Mothers In Spain Leads To Rise In Mortality Rates

A new study examining the evolution of maternal mortality rates in Spain since 1996 shows a 17% increase in deaths. This trend is linked to the widespread increase in maternal age. The highest death rates are among foreign women and those who live in the province of Malaga. Medicine has taken giant strides during the 20th Century. However, European studies show a clear and constant increase in maternal mortality rates over recent years. Now, a new study reveals the evolution in the mortality rate of Spanish mothers from 1996 to 2005. The data, which appear in the latest issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, show the mortality rate is low compared with other countries in Europe, but confirm that death rates are rising in Spain. "This change, linked to the rise in maternal age, clearly shows the need for epidemiological monitoring of maternal mortality, because this is an avoidable phenomenon, and above all because it shows the importance of studying the causes in order to prevent deaths", Miguel ēngel Luque, lead author of the study and a researcher at the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) in Madrid, tells SINC. The maternal mortality risk rose exponentially in line with mothers" ages in Spain during the decade studied. Since the start of the study, 148 women have died in Spain. While successful births among women older than 35 were 15% more common in Spain than in the rest of Europe, maternal mortality was 20% higher by 2005 than in 1996. The risk was three times greater for women aged between 35 and 44 than those who were younger. Most deaths were due to preeclampsia (a condition characterised by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, which starts to develop after the twentieth week of the pregnancy) and obstetric embolisms (pulmonary, or the amniotic liquid, etc.). Malaga was the province with the highest number of deaths (20%). The highest mortality rate was in 2003 and 2004, and among foreign women. According to the authors, this is the first study to underline the high percentage of deaths in the country among women who are not of Spanish nationality (who accounted for 32% of the deaths in 2003 and 2004). "We need more studies to help us to define the distribution, frequency and determining factors involved in maternal mortality. While the role of changing reproductive patterns is obvious in Europe, it is still not clear what other factors, aside from maternal age, are related to the increase in deaths", adds Luque. Poor work-life balance, much medical intervention According to Eurostat, the EU"s Statistical Office, the age of women at their first pregnancy is rising in most European countries. This can be explained by social, economic and cultural changes that took place in western countries at the end of the 20th Century. The authors suggest that the lack of initiatives to help balance family and work life in Spain, along with the increased medicalisation of births over the past 10 years as a result of the progressive incorporation of assisted reproduction techniques, are some of the factors involved in the rising age of mothers. "We need greater understanding of the agents causing this increase in the death rate in order to be able to tackle them", stresses the ISCIII researcher. All maternal deaths in countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Holland the United States are today investigated by means of qualitative surveys in order to gain information about their determining factors. Spain and Italy, with some of the lowest fertility rates in the whole of Europe, are the two countries with the highest rates of births among women aged above 35. Compared with the rest of the countries in Europe, these two have the highest number of assisted reproduction clinics. The experts are already forecasting that "this change suggests a continued future increase in maternal mortality rates". Plataforma SINC


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